Black Breasted Purple Previous English Sport Bantam: A charming breed with a wealthy historical past, these small birds boast hanging plumage and spirited personalities. From their origins within the coronary heart of England to their modern-day enchantment, we’ll delve into the whole lot from their charming bodily attributes to their spirited nature and how you can establish a real specimen. We’ll discover their care wants, breeding practices, present requirements, comparisons to comparable breeds, and even their surprising fashionable functions.
Be a part of us as we uncover the fascinating story of the Black Breasted Purple Previous English Sport Bantam!
This complete information gives detailed data on the breed, masking care, breeding, present requirements, comparisons to different breeds, fashionable makes use of, and an enchanting historic perspective. Uncover the secrets and techniques to efficiently elevating and exhibiting these charming bantams, making it a superb useful resource for each seasoned breeders and newcomers alike. Detailed tables and comparisons add readability and ease of reference.
Introduction to Black Breasted Purple Previous English Sport Bantam
The Black Breasted Purple Previous English Sport Bantam is a spirited and hanging breed, famend for its vibrant plumage and hardy structure. These little champions are a testomony to the enduring enchantment of conventional sport fowl, embodying a mix of athleticism and charming magnificence. Their historical past is steeped in centuries of selective breeding, showcasing the exceptional dedication of poultry fans to perfecting the breed.These bantams, whereas compact in stature, possess a sturdy spirit, reflecting their origins as devoted combating birds.
Their hanging look and energetic nature make them a charming addition to any flock. Their magnificence lies not simply of their vibrant colours but in addition within the meticulous consideration to element of their bodily attributes.
Historic Background and Origins
The Previous English Sport bantam, a smaller model of the bigger Previous English Sport, traces its roots again to the British Isles. Selective breeding over generations refined the breed’s traits, emphasizing attributes like comb form, feathering, and total construction. These bantams, initially developed for his or her combating prowess, have developed into fashionable pets and present birds. Their historic significance lies of their contributions to the broader world of poultry, serving as a basis for quite a few different breeds.
Bodily Traits
Black Breasted Purple Previous English Sport Bantams are compact and muscular, reflecting their athletic heritage. Their our bodies are sometimes well-proportioned, with a sturdy construct and a sturdy look. Essentially the most distinctive function is the wealthy purple plumage, contrasting sharply with the black breast. A real Black Breasted Purple will show a noticeable, outlined black breast. The feathers are dense and tightly packed, giving the fowl a smooth and polished look.
The legs and ft are sometimes a pinkish-red hue. Variations in measurement and form are doable, however the normal silhouette stays constant.
Temperament and Character Traits
These bantams are identified for his or her spirited and energetic nature. They possess a vigorous and inquisitive disposition, typically displaying a eager curiosity of their environment. Whereas they are often impartial and considerably cautious of strangers, they’re sometimes pleasant and affectionate in the direction of their house owners. Their vigorous demeanor and energetic actions make them a pleasure to watch. Correct dealing with and socialization from a younger age will assist them grow to be extra approachable and outgoing birds.
Figuring out a True Black Breasted Purple Previous English Sport Bantam
Cautious commentary is vital to figuring out a real Black Breasted Purple Previous English Sport Bantam. Pay shut consideration to the outlined black breast space, guaranteeing it isn’t only a patch or a smudge of coloration. The general purple plumage needs to be a wealthy, deep hue, not a pale or pale shade. The fowl’s construct needs to be compact and durable, with dense feathering.
Think about the form of the comb and the general symmetry of the fowl’s kind. These particulars contribute to a extra correct identification.
Key Options Comparability
| Function | Description |
|---|---|
| Dimension | Compact and durable, smaller than the usual Previous English Sport. |
| Colour | Wealthy purple plumage with an outlined black breast. |
| Feathering | Dense and tightly packed, offering a smooth look. |
| Comb | Attribute form, typically a single or rose comb. |
| Legs and Ft | Pinkish-red in coloration. |
Care and Husbandry
These spirited bantams, with their vibrant plumage, require attentive care to thrive. Their small measurement belies a sturdy structure, however their wants should be met with precision to make sure an extended and completely happy life. A bit of information and a contact of affection will go a good distance in nurturing these feathered companions.Sustaining a wholesome setting and offering the best eating regimen are paramount for the Black Breasted Purple Previous English Sport Bantam.
A rigorously structured routine will guarantee optimum well-being and permit these birds to flourish of their setting. Correct care prevents potential well being points and promotes their pure behaviors, fostering a robust bond between you and your feathered associates.
Housing Necessities
An acceptable coop is crucial for the protection and luxury of your bantams. Make sure the coop is spacious sufficient to accommodate the birds comfortably, with enough air flow to stop humidity buildup. Think about the coop’s location, bearing in mind the birds’ wants for defense from predators and opposed climate situations. Correct insulation and weatherproofing are very important, particularly throughout the colder months.
Important Provides
Offering the best instruments is essential for sustaining a wholesome setting and guaranteeing optimum well-being. A dependable provide of recent water and meals is crucial, and acceptable feeding implements will support in environment friendly and hygienic feeding. A protected nesting space is important for egg-laying and offering consolation. Important provides additionally embrace a sturdy perch for roosting, acceptable nesting supplies for consolation and hygiene, and an acceptable litter or bedding materials.
- Recent water needs to be accessible always in clear, simply accessible containers. Change water every day and guarantee clear feeders and containers.
- Excessive-quality feed designed for bantams is essential for optimum diet. A different eating regimen with totally different protein sources and grains will help their development and improvement.
- A nesting field, or space, needs to be deep sufficient for snug egg-laying, lined with tender bedding to supply heat and luxury.
- A protected, enclosed space is required for the birds’ security, together with safety from predators and the weather.
Dietary Wants
A balanced eating regimen is crucial for sustaining optimum well being. Present a nutritious mixture of seeds, grains, and protein sources to help their energetic way of life. Dietary supplements could also be crucial to deal with particular dietary wants or deficiencies. A balanced eating regimen, tailor-made to their wants, will help their well being and forestall points like feather plucking.
Exercise and Train
Bantams are energetic birds and want an excellent quantity of train to remain wholesome. A protected, fenced-in space or run will present them with house to roam and discover. Common interplay and play can even hold them entertained and energetic. Encouraging pure behaviors will hold them mentally and bodily stimulated.
Well being Issues
Potential well being points, like respiratory issues, can come up from improper care. Early detection and remedy are essential. Widespread illnesses embrace respiratory infections, mites, or lice. Vaccination and routine well being checks are essential for preventative care.
Day by day Care Routine
| Time | Exercise |
|---|---|
| Morning | Verify water and meals provides, refill as wanted. Observe birds for any indicators of sickness or misery. |
| Mid-day | Make sure the coop and run are clear and freed from particles. Present recent water. |
| Night | Present recent meals and water, and test for any indicators of sickness or misery. Clear nesting containers and perches as wanted. |
Breeding and Replica
A key facet of efficiently protecting Previous English Sport Bantams is knowing and mastering their breeding course of. Profitable breeding depends on a deep data of their pure behaviors, ideally suited situations, and correct care all through the incubation and chick-rearing phases. This information empowers you to supply wholesome, vibrant chicks and keep a thriving flock.The Black Breasted Purple Previous English Sport Bantam, with its hanging plumage, is understood for its hardy nature and prolific breeding skills.
Their reproductive cycles, whereas pure, require cautious consideration to optimize success.
Breeding Course of and Mating Behaviors
Understanding the pure mating behaviors of your bantams is essential for profitable breeding. Observe the courtship rituals, which regularly contain elaborate shows and interactions between the female and male. Pay shut consideration to the indicators of receptivity within the feminine. These behaviors, whereas instinctual, could be influenced by environmental components like enough house, correct diet, and a wholesome social setting.
A balanced eating regimen wealthy in important vitamins is important for sustaining optimum reproductive well being.
Very best Situations for Breeding Success
Optimum breeding situations are important for maximizing reproductive success. Guarantee a cushty and stress-free setting with ample house for the birds to maneuver freely and work together. Present nesting supplies, corresponding to straw or hay, for the hens to construct their nests. Sustaining a constant temperature vary and humidity degree, particularly throughout the incubation interval, can also be essential.
Incubation and Chick-Rearing Procedures
Correct incubation and chick-rearing procedures are very important for wholesome chick improvement. Utilizing a dependable incubator, rigorously following the producer’s directions, is crucial. Keep constant temperature and humidity ranges contained in the incubator. Monitor the eggs often and promptly deal with any points. After hatching, present a heat, dry, and protected setting for the chicks.
Guarantee entry to a available and nutritious chick starter feed.
Widespread Breeding Errors to Keep away from, Black breasted purple previous english sport bantam
A number of frequent breeding errors can negatively impression the success of your breeding program. Overcrowding can result in stress and lowered fertility. Poor diet may end up in weaker chicks and lowered egg manufacturing. Insufficient nesting supplies can hinder profitable egg laying. Incorrect incubator settings can harm the eggs or hinder correct improvement.
Anticipated Chick Improvement Phases
Chick improvement progresses by means of distinct phases. From the preliminary hatch to the event of feathers and independence, every stage requires particular care and a focus. Observe the bodily modifications, corresponding to the expansion of feathers and the event of their beaks and legs. Guarantee correct diet and environmental situations for every stage.
Abstract Desk of Breeding and Chick Improvement Phases
| Stage | Description | Key Concerns |
|---|---|---|
| Egg Laying | Feminine lays eggs. | Correct nesting house, eating regimen, and setting. |
| Incubation | Eggs develop contained in the incubator. | Sustaining ideally suited temperature and humidity. |
| Hatching | Chicks emerge from the eggs. | Offering a heat, dry setting. |
| Early Chick Improvement | Chicks develop quickly, develop feathers, and start to discover. | Offering a high-quality chick starter feed and correct house. |
| Juvenile Stage | Chicks proceed to develop and develop. | Sustaining acceptable diet and house. |
Present Requirements and Competitions
These birds, with their hanging black and purple plumage, usually are not only for admiring; they’re additionally bred for exhibiting and judged in competitions. Understanding the breed requirements and judging standards is vital for aspiring breeders and fans. Profitable at exhibits is not nearly aesthetics; it signifies a excessive normal of breeding and care.
Breed Requirements Acknowledged
The Black Breasted Purple Previous English Sport Bantam is acknowledged by numerous poultry organizations, every with barely nuanced requirements. These organizations set pointers for the breed’s ideally suited traits, together with plumage patterns, physique conformation, and temperament. These requirements guarantee consistency and equity in judging. Adhering to those pointers is essential for sustaining the breed’s integrity.
Judging Standards in Competitions
Judges consider birds based mostly on a complete set of standards. These standards typically embrace plumage high quality, feather symmetry, physique form, measurement, and total well being. The fowl’s temperament can also be thought of. An ideal specimen is a testomony to meticulous breeding and husbandry.
Showmanship Suggestions
Correct showmanship is essential for presenting your fowl to its finest benefit. This consists of dealing with the fowl gently and presenting it to the choose in a means that highlights its strengths. Presenting your fowl with confidence and respect for the judging course of displays positively on the breeder.
Significance of Preparation for Competitions
Thorough preparation is vital to success in competitions. This entails guaranteeing the fowl is in peak bodily situation, with wholesome plumage and an excellent temperament. The fowl should be free from any bodily imperfections. Correct preparation is an funding within the fowl’s well-being and success.
Examples of Profitable Present Birds
Quite a few birds have constantly achieved high rankings in competitions. Their success demonstrates the dedication and meticulous care concerned in reaching excellence. Examples embrace birds with completely symmetrical plumage, compact our bodies, and a vibrant coloration scheme. These successful birds are sometimes the results of years of selective breeding.
Judging Standards Desk
| Class | Description | Factors Doable |
|---|---|---|
| Plumage | Colour, sample, texture, and symmetry of feathers. | 30 |
| Physique Construction | Appropriate physique form, measurement, and proportions. | 30 |
| Situation | Total well being, vitality, and freedom from defects. | 20 |
| Temperament | Calmness, responsiveness, and confidence. | 10 |
| Showmanship | Mild dealing with and presentation to the choose. | 10 |
Comparability with Related Breeds
The Black Breasted Purple Previous English Sport Bantam, with its hanging plumage and spirited nature, stands out among the many Bantam world. Understanding its nuances requires appreciating its relationship to different breeds, notably inside the bigger Previous English Sport fowl household. Evaluating these breeds reveals invaluable insights into their shared heritage and distinctive traits.
Look Comparisons
A key ingredient in distinguishing breeds is their bodily traits. The Black Breasted Purple Previous English Sport Bantam boasts a particular purple plumage, contrasting sharply with the black breast. Different Bantams, just like the Wyandotte or the Orpington, would possibly exhibit comparable purple tones however lack the exact black breast sample. The general measurement and form of the fowl additionally play a job.
The Sport Bantams, identified for his or her sturdy construct, typically differ in stature in comparison with smaller breeds. For example, the Silkies, whereas stunning, are considerably smaller and extra delicate of their look. These visible variations are essential in breed identification and appreciation.
Temperament and Temperament Variations
Past their bodily attributes, temperament additionally units these birds aside. The Previous English Sport Bantams are identified for his or her vigorous, typically spirited, nature. This contrasts with some breeds, just like the mild and docile Orpingtons, which can be much less inclined to the identical degree of power. Understanding these temperament variations is important for choosing a breed that fits your way of life and care preferences.
Care Wants and Variations
The care necessities for every breed additionally differ. The Previous English Sport Bantams, being a hardy breed, typically have extra strong wants. This would possibly distinction with breeds like the fragile Silkie, requiring a extra managed and guarded setting. The quantity of house wanted, the kind of housing, and the particular dietary necessities will differ based mostly on the breed.
Elements like roosting habits, foraging tendencies, and susceptibility to ailments will all must be thought of when planning for optimum care.
Desk of Comparability
| Breed | Look | Temperament | Care Wants | Reputation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Black Breasted Purple Previous English Sport Bantam | Purple plumage, black breast | Full of life, Spirited | Hardy, adaptable | Reasonable |
| Wyandotte Bantam | Various colours, typically patterned | Lively, pleasant | Reasonable | Excessive |
| Orpington Bantam | Number of colours, typically with a full physique | Mild, docile | Reasonable | Excessive |
| Silkie Bantam | Fluffy plumage, typically in black or white | Mild, docile | Extra delicate | Reasonable |
Historic Context and Lineage
The historic context of those breeds reveals fascinating connections. The Previous English Sport Bantams, like different sport fowl, hint their roots again to centuries of selective breeding, aiming to supply birds with particular fascinating traits. The Wyandottes, originating in the US, exemplify a unique lineage, reflecting a newer and regionally targeted improvement. Understanding the historic evolution gives perception into the genetic and cultural components influencing these breeds.
This enables for a deeper appreciation for the dedication and keenness which have formed these avian treasures.
Trendy Makes use of and Functions
Past the ribbons and present rings, these charming Black Breasted Purple Previous English Sport Bantams provide a stunning vary of recent functions. Their spirited nature, mixed with their hanging plumage, makes them invaluable additions to the hobbyist group, and their adaptability extends to numerous farming and way of life conditions. Their enchantment is not restricted to the normal; latest tendencies reveal a rising appreciation for his or her distinctive traits.
Hobbyist Neighborhood Position
The Black Breasted Purple Previous English Sport Bantam’s attraction extends far past present competitions. They’re cherished by hobbyists who respect their partaking personalities and vibrant look. These birds are ideally suited companions for these looking for a rewarding avian expertise, offering leisure and pleasure. Their spirited nature and charming personalities make them fashionable selections for yard flocks and small-scale poultry operations.
Many hobbyists benefit from the strategy of elevating and caring for these birds, discovering immense satisfaction in witnessing their development and improvement.
Suitability for Completely different Conditions
These Bantams reveal exceptional adaptability to numerous farming and way of life settings. Their smaller measurement makes them appropriate for confinement in smaller areas, excellent for residence dwellers or these with restricted land. Their hardy nature, typically inherited from their working-bird ancestors, makes them able to thriving in numerous environments. This adaptability makes them a sensible alternative for each city and rural settings.
Examples of Use in Varied Settings
Many hobbyists use these Bantams as a supply of distinctive and interesting leisure. Their vigorous and inquisitive nature gives infinite amusement, making them nice companions for households and people alike. Their magnificence can also be appreciated in small-scale or city farming environments. The colourful plumage provides a contact of color and character to those settings, providing a visible delight.
In a homestead or small-scale farm setting, they’ll contribute to the general aesthetic enchantment.
Current Traits
A noticeable pattern within the poultry interest is the rising recognition of heritage breeds. These Bantams, with their conventional traits, are benefiting from this pattern. Hobbyists are recognizing the significance of preserving these distinctive breeds, making a renewed curiosity of their upkeep and breeding.
Desk Summarizing Trendy Functions
| Trendy Software | Description |
|---|---|
| Hobbyist Companions | Offering leisure and pleasure by means of their vigorous personalities and charming look. |
| Small-Scale Farming | Adaptable to confinement in smaller areas, appropriate for residence dwellers or these with restricted land. |
| Preservation of Heritage Breeds | Growing appreciation for conventional breeds, creating renewed curiosity of their upkeep and breeding. |
| Aesthetic Enhancement | Including visible curiosity to city or rural environments by means of their vibrant plumage. |
Historic Context and Evolution: Black Breasted Purple Previous English Sport Bantam
The Black Breasted Purple Previous English Sport Bantam, a spirited and charming breed, boasts a wealthy historical past intertwined with the evolution of poultry farming. Its lineage displays an enchanting journey, formed by selective breeding, historic farming practices, and the enduring enchantment of those spirited birds. Tracing the breed’s previous unveils a charming story of improvement and adaptation.Tracing the event of the breed by means of time reveals an enchanting interaction of human intervention and pure choice.
Early variations of the breed possible emerged by means of the cautious choice of fascinating traits from present sport fowl, influenced by the particular wants and preferences of farmers in numerous areas.
Early Origins and Improvement
The exact origins of the Black Breasted Purple Previous English Sport Bantam are shrouded in some thriller, as information from the early days of poultry breeding are sometimes incomplete. Nevertheless, it is typically accepted that the breed emerged from the broader Previous English Sport fowl lineage. Early breeders prioritized traits like comb form, feather patterns, and total physique construction, laying the inspiration for the breed’s recognizable traits.
Their hardiness and talent to adapt to totally different environments had been additionally essential components of their evolution.
Vital Occasions and Figures
Vital occasions within the historical past of the breed are sometimes intertwined with developments in poultry breeding strategies and the rising recognition of poultry exhibits. Early breeders and fans performed essential roles in shaping the breed’s traits. For instance, the event of improved breeding strategies and the institution of poultry golf equipment helped to standardize the breed’s look and traits.
Breed’s Position in Historic Farming Practices
The breed’s function in historic farming practices was multi-faceted. Past their ornamental worth, they had been a supply of protein, eggs, and typically even combating cocks. Their hardiness and resilience had been prized, making them appropriate for numerous farming situations. They had been possible used for each egg manufacturing and meat manufacturing, although the relative emphasis on every would have different based mostly on native wants and situations.
Comparability Throughout Eras
The breed’s look and traits have developed subtly over time. Early variations may need displayed variations in feather patterns or physique measurement, reflecting the shortage of exact requirements throughout these eras. Because the breed gained recognition, breeders labored to refine and standardize traits like comb form, feather coloration, and total physique construction. Detailed information and requirements emerged over time, guiding the event of the breed.
Affect on Different Breeds
The Black Breasted Purple Previous English Sport Bantam’s affect on different breeds is notable. Its hardiness and adaptableness, together with its distinctive traits, have possible influenced the event of different sport fowl breeds. The genetic contributions of this breed possible helped form the traits of comparable breeds within the broader sport fowl household.
Timeline of Improvement
| Approximate Period | Key Developments |
|---|---|
| Pre-1800s | Early improvement and choice of fascinating traits in sport fowl, influenced by farming wants and preferences. |
| 1800s – Early 1900s | Elevated standardization of breed traits by means of poultry exhibits and breeding golf equipment; improvement of clearer breed requirements. |
| Mid-1900s – Current | Continued refinement of breed traits by means of cautious breeding and adherence to indicate requirements. |
Well being and Illness Administration
Protecting your Black Breasted Purple Previous English Sport Bantam wholesome and completely happy is essential for his or her well-being and longevity. A proactive strategy to well being administration, mixed with an excellent understanding of the breed’s particular vulnerabilities, is vital to stopping sickness and guaranteeing your feathered pal thrives. This part will Artikel frequent well being points, preventative measures, early detection methods, and the significance of routine veterinary care.
Widespread Well being Points in Black Breasted Purple Previous English Sport Bantams
These bantams, like all breeds, are inclined to sure well being issues. Understanding these potential points permits for proactive care and early intervention. A eager eye and immediate motion are important for sustaining their well being.
- Respiratory infections, corresponding to bronchitis and pneumonia, are prevalent in poultry. Signs embrace sneezing, coughing, nasal discharge, and labored respiratory. Protecting the coop clear and well-ventilated, and offering a balanced eating regimen, can considerably cut back the chance.
- Dietary deficiencies, like vitamin and mineral imbalances, can result in numerous illnesses. A balanced eating regimen formulated particularly for bantams is essential for stopping these issues. Common supplementation with acceptable vitamin and mineral mixes is perhaps crucial in some conditions.
- Parasites, together with inside and exterior parasites, are frequent poultry points. Common deworming and checking for mites or lice are essential for stopping these infestations. Sustaining a clear setting and utilizing acceptable preventative measures is important for pest management.
- Accidents, corresponding to fractures and sprains, can happen throughout dealing with or from accidents inside the coop. Offering a protected and safe setting minimizes these dangers. Guaranteeing correct flooring and cautious dealing with procedures are essential for stopping accidents.
- Egg-laying issues, corresponding to egg binding, are additionally doable. Correct diet, enough calcium consumption, and guaranteeing correct nesting areas may help stop these problems.
Preventative Measures for Good Well being
Proactive measures are essential for stopping diseases in your bantams. Constant consideration to element is crucial.
- Sustaining a clear and well-ventilated coop is crucial. Common cleansing and disinfection of the coop can considerably cut back the chance of bacterial and viral infections. This consists of completely cleansing and disinfecting all surfaces, tools, and bedding. Satisfactory air flow can also be key to stopping the build-up of moisture and ammonia.
- Offering a balanced and nutritious eating regimen, tailor-made to the particular wants of bantams, is paramount. This consists of a wide range of seeds, grains, greens, and fruits. Supplementing with vitamin and mineral dietary supplements could also be crucial in sure conditions, particularly for breeding hens.
- Common parasite management measures are very important. Routine deworming and checks for exterior parasites, corresponding to mites and lice, are essential. Following the suggestions of your veterinarian is crucial for selecting the proper merchandise and dosages.
- Guaranteeing a protected and safe setting is essential. A well-constructed coop with sturdy perches and nesting containers will cut back the chance of accidents. Defending them from predators and different hazards can also be very important.
- Correct dealing with strategies are crucial. Dealing with your bantams gently and thoroughly can stop accidents.
Methods for Early Illness Detection and Remedy
Early detection is vital to efficient remedy. Common monitoring is important for figuring out potential well being issues promptly.
- Common commentary of your birds is essential. Pay shut consideration to their habits, urge for food, droppings, and total demeanor. Adjustments in these components can point out a possible well being subject.
- Immediate veterinary session is essential if you happen to suspect an sickness. A veterinarian can precisely diagnose the issue and advocate probably the most acceptable remedy.
- Understanding the breed’s particular vulnerabilities helps to identify potential points early. Understanding the frequent well being points particular to your bantam breed is useful.
Significance of Routine Veterinary Care
Skilled veterinary care is crucial for sustaining the well being of your bantams. It performs a significant function of their well-being.
- Common check-ups enable for early detection of potential issues. A veterinarian can establish potential well being points earlier than they develop into critical. This preventative care is essential for protecting your birds wholesome.
- Veterinary care gives correct diagnoses and acceptable remedies. A veterinarian can precisely diagnose well being issues and advocate the best remedy plan.
- Veterinary professionals can present recommendation on preventative care. They will provide steerage on diet, hygiene, and different preventative measures to keep up optimum well being.
Widespread Well being Issues Particular to the Breed
Sure well being points are extra prevalent in particular breeds. Understanding these potential issues is useful.
- A powerful immune system is essential for shielding in opposition to illness. Offering optimum situations on your birds, corresponding to clear coops and a balanced eating regimen, can strengthen their immune programs.
- Genetic predispositions to sure ailments needs to be thought of. Understanding the potential well being dangers related to the breed is essential for proactive care.
Preventative Care and Potential Well being Points Desk
| Preventative Care | Potential Well being Points |
|---|---|
| Clear and well-ventilated coop | Respiratory infections, parasites |
| Balanced eating regimen | Dietary deficiencies, egg-laying issues |
| Common parasite management | Inside and exterior parasites |
| Protected setting | Accidents |
| Mild dealing with | Accidents, stress |
